World Calendar Proposal

 

Clark K. Nelson

Copyright: 1995, 2002  Clark K. Nelson

 

Version 02 02 Revision

 

All Rights Reserved. No Part of this work may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

 

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World Calendar Year

 

 

The World Calendar Proposal year shown below balances monthly endings, quarter years, and half years. All years are alike, and all quarters are alike with the World Calendar. Every quarter has 91 days each, with the monthly sequence following 31 days, 30 days, and 30 days. There are 52 even weeks. Worldsday on December 31 is the last day of every year. World's Leap Day occurs on June 31 during leap years only. Worldsday is represented by double asterisks, and World's Leap Day is likewise shown by a single asterisk 13. Both Worldsday and World's Leap Day are additional to quarter years that have 91 days. The most productive future is gained via The World Calendar year.

 

 

The World Calendar improves the future to meet the demands of modern society.  New Year's Day on January 1 in the year of our Lord, 2000 A.D., opened the third millennium of the Christian era.  The next 1,000 years began.  Time, the calendar, is our past, present, and future. The New Year hallmark of time paves the way for future history.  To greet a new decade, or even a century, is monumental.  Important holidays, paychecks, bills, schedules and appointments are governed by our use of the calendar.  Religious beliefs are rigidly embedded into the calendar as holidays and festive occasions.  This thousand year calendar transition has happened only once since Christ.  World wide, the calendar specifies business and commerce needs.  To satisfy many diverse cultures, backgrounds, and political structures, our modern calendar must meet demands on a global scale.  A choice to pursue a more appealing time scale is universal. We will have an ultimate, special opportunity to rejoice in the Lord.

The World Calendar advances stability and order.  The World Calendar Proposal is dedicated to the new millennium. The pace we set at the turn of the millennium provides the cornerstone for the next 1000 years.  A critical point of history is the chance to fix a determined course.

Since antiquity, humanity has sought to measure time correctly. Enhancing the nature and use of time is the purpose of the World Calendar. The World Calendar Proposal and Time Emits Services support the future use of time for improved lifestyles. From the onset of day and night in Genesis, time reckoning and the Lord have been as one. Calendars are the special field that bond with the eternal nature of supreme faith. Divisions between whatever has been in the past, and whatever will be in the future are intangible aspects of the calendar. Calendar science and belief set the stage to alter destiny.

Lunar and Solar Calendars

In all the known history of the world there are only about twenty-five different forms of calendars and branches.  About half of these comprise the class of luni-solar calendars.  Use of the lunar/solar calendar, and associated theologies were widespread throughout ancient civilization.  Cultures emerging in the Middle East vicinity embedded specialized holiday celebrations directly into the calendar.  Certain festivals and anniversary commemorations were ordained to become Holy; to divide, and set apart those days for worship.  The sacred seven-day week is our foremost example of calendar operation.

The seven-day week was once observed according to the four prime lunar phases. New moon crescent appearances were employed to count the days per month. Twelve complete moon lunar months make up the lunar year. Since time itself can only be used to count longer periods of time, the span called the solar year is based on different heavenly motions. Any solar year is measured by rising positions of the sun on the horizon, the cardinal points of equinoxes and solstices, and by the course of stars in the heavens. Solar calendars measure greater expanses of time as years. The sun is used to measure our modern solar year that has 365 days, plus a leap day fraction. Most of the world presently uses the solar year to mark time. The remaining half of calendars generally used to reckon world histories are solar calendars.

The calendar can best share "His story" by distributing weekdays and months with precision. Spiritual names have traditionally been assigned to weekdays and months that indicate the heavens. For example, Sunday and Monday are named for the greater and lesser lights (Gen. 5:16). Historical figures and events are immortalized. Some 2,000 years ago, a Roman solar calendar called the Julian Calendar began the Christian era. The Gregorian Calendar name that we now use even credits Pope Gregory XIII from the year 1582. Our calendar appoints specific times. We coordinate time by defining months, days, hours, minutes, and finally seconds. In the year 2,000, we can plan for a straight and narrow way with the World Calendar.

The Julian Calendar

In the year 45 B.C., the Egyptian solar calendar was adopted by the Roman Empire. A 365 day Egyptian solar calendar year, with its leap day fraction, replaced the earlier Roman calendar. The Roman Empire had faced many problems caused by an unstable calendar system. The previous Roman Calendar year had been based on a ten month sexigesimal system, with each month having 36 days. December contains the basic Latin prefix "dec" that once meant the tenth month. The earlier Roman year of 360 days left about 5.25 days every year. Intercalations were many and abstract. Compounding this shortfall, there was no natural time keeping system to measure the Roman month. Shipments of goods, taxes, and holidays all were met with difficulty, due to the extensive size of the Roman Empire. Governors of individual city-states drew tributes according to whim and greed. To correct this confusion, Julius Caesar mandated the Egyptian Calendar year of 365 and one-quarter days be adopted throughout the Roman Empire. The month of July still bears the name of its patron. Julius Caesar assigned four quarters of 91 days with an alternating order of months to be 31 days, or 30 days.

The original month of February in the Julian Calendar had 29 days. Quite unlike our modern regular, 28 day February month, a 29 day long month was used. February had been chosen by Julius Caesar for the leap day insertion every four years. The Julian end of February included the leap day adjustment on the 30 th of February every four years. January was named after the two faced Roman god, Janus. January was already the first month of the year, and the longest month in the quarter. Tampering with its length was considered unlucky. The murder of Julius Caesar (March 15, 44 B.C.) brought the grandnephew, Augustus Caesar, to assume joint control on November 27, 43 B.C. Augustus further adjusted the year for personal satisfaction. Augustus felt slighted, and took one day from February. He added the day to the month following July, and named August after himself. Leap day remained assigned to the end of February every four years. Moving one day from February, and lengthening August to 31 days, immortalized Augustus Caesar in history for over 2,000 years.

Easter and Christmas Beginnings

Calendars are central to doctrines prescribed by worship. Previous calendars reason that all calendars have been in "past tense." Devotion to mainstay religious convictions is directly embedded in all calendars. Since years are numbered by the solar calendar, and worldwide use of the Gregorian Calendar approaches the year 2,000 A.D., we live in the era that began with the inspired New Testament. The inception of a New Testament to the Holy Bible and a new solar calendar authority is based upon the life of Jesus Christ.

Easter and Christmas became the two most important holidays for religious history recorded by the Julian Calendar. Early church fathers combined the Julian Calendar with Jewish Calendar influence. Declaring Sunday, rather than Saturday, as the Christian Sabbath Day followed the Roman definition of changing the days at midnight.

Easter is the triumphal anniversary festival over darkness for the resurrection of Christ. Eaostre was originally a pagan festival, derived from natural Earth motion. The spring equinox near March 21, marks the beginning of spring in the Northern Hemisphere. On the equinox, the hours of daylight are equal to the interval from sunset to sunrise, or night. Eastre was the Anglo-Saxon goddess for the spring equinox. The first Council of Nicaea fixed the date of Easter according to the proclamation of "the first Sunday after the first full moon following the spring equinox." Following Emperor Constantine's conversion to Christianity, the Council of Nicaea initiated the important celebration known to Christians in 325 A.D. Constantine also supported a Sunday Christian Sabbath.

The Christmas season honors the Nativity, and the hope of rebirth in eternal life that comes through the birth of Christ. In the fourth quarter of the year, the ancient Egyptians once held a festival called the "Nativity of the Sun's Walking Stick." The failing daylight of the sun suggested the need of a walking stick, or staff, to aid the sun during the last part of transit. Representing the sun - god, the Pharaoh walked around temple walls using a staff.

Significance of the walking staff is visible when the rod of God is displayed before the Egyptian Pharaoh (Exodus 7:10 - 12). Aaron casts the staff given to Moses down before Pharaoh and his servants, and it became a serpent. Pharaoh called the magicians of Egypt to cast down their rods. The magicians' rods became serpents, but Aaron's rod swallowed up their rods. Solar worship and Egyptian symbolism behind the staff were uniquely related.

Increasing daylight following the winter solstice around December 22, once marked the Roman celebration of Saturnalia. Saturnalia, during December 17 - 24, was devoted to the planetary god Saturn. About 273 A.D., the Roman Emperor Auerlian instituted the "birthday of the unconquered Sun" festival. The seven day week ends with Saturday, reinforcing the idea of Saturnalia ending the year. Pagan ceremonies were changed to Christian in 354 A.D., and the birthday of Christ was declared to be December 25.

The Gregorian Calendar

Roman Catholicism coupled with the Julian Calendar spread the word of Christianity throughout the world. In 1582, the Julian Calendar was modified by Pope Gregory XIII. The vernal, or spring, celestial equinox was gradually slipping into summer. To better align the vernal equinox with computations for the dates of Easter celebration, ten days were dropped from calendar reckoning. October 4, 1582 was followed the next day by October 15, 1582. Further proclaimed in the Gregorian Calendar was a leap day alteration. The previous Julian Calendar included a leap day addition every four years. The leap day addition to the end of the month of February was modified. The Gregorian Calendar adjustment stipulated that the leap day addition would be omitted in those centennial years not evenly divisible by 400 years. The year 1600 included a normal leap day. The years 1700, 1800 and 1900 skipped leap day to further correct the gradual drift of the equinox date into summer. Gregorian Calendar changes in 1582 dealt with the days between New Year's Day and the spring equinox. The Gregorian Calendar incorporates provision to add leap day in the year 2000.

Pope Gregory's namesake calendar reform recognized that a solar calendar cycle synchronized once again after completing 400 years. Easter calculations combined religious observation with scientific reasoning to establish a better way of calendar time keeping. A 400 year repeating solar period was understood long ago by ancient people. The Aztec Calendar, and sister calendars of the Maya and Inca cultures utilized a "400 year Long Count" as well. South and Central American civilizations had a complex and sacred form of a luni-solar calendar. Ancient Egyptians were numerically matching days and years according to the stars well before Moses led the Exodus of the Old Testament.  Ages of Adam doubled a 400 year count to measure the "800 year Generation Cycle" seen for Adam, after he had begotten his son, Seth (Genesis 5:4). The 400 year calendar cycle is the pinnacle of calendar measurement for all time that has ever been, or will ever be. From the earliest Bible times, to the advent of the Christian era and the future, religious use of the calendar prevails.

The present Gregorian version of the calendar is adjusted by the leap day insertion February 29 in the traditional four year pattern. Further refinement is obtained by omitting leap days in those centennial years not evenly divisible by 400. Following the Gregorian reform of 1582, the year 1600 repeated leap day as usual. In the years 1700, 1800, and 1900, leap days were dropped. The year 2000 will contain the first centennial leap day since 1600. While the Gregorian Calendar is very accurate astronomically speaking, in common practice it becomes awkward and confusing. Present calendar application imposes traits which inhibit growth and hamper prosperity. The seven day week, completing 52 even rounds, leaves one and one quarter day at the end of each year. Leap day accounts for the fractional part. Yet, the final day causes a shifting year. The fresh year must be reckoned with on a continuing basis. Planning is far more difficult when the first and last days of the month fall randomly on the days of week. We have 29 different kinds of months, with 24, 25, 26, or 27 weekdays, and four, or five Sundays. Unsymmetrical quarter and half year periods make statistics difficult to interpret. The World Calendar adjusts the present Gregorian Calendar to meet the needs of our 21 st Century.

Gregorian Calendar Inadequacies

  • Unequal quarters and half years.
  • Mixed fixed and floating holidays.
  • Mismatch of weekday names and dates during consecutive years.
  • Leap day falling on February 29 th during Leap Years.
  • Months occur in haphazard order with 28, 30, or 31 days during an ordinary year.
  • Business, government, and financial statistics are cumbersome.

The Gregorian Calendar system is inefficient. With minor revisions, the present calendar easily adapts to avoid its common drawbacks. The primary advantage of the World Calendar is the first day and date combination through consecutive years. The discussion of calendar improvement has covered 150 years. The most popular ideas are woven into the World Calendar Proposal.

 

Worldsday and World's Leap Day

 

 

The World Calendar Proposal establishes the two most critical holidays to the World Calendar. Worldsday on December 31, and World's Leap Day on June 31 yield new significance to yearly beginnings, endings, and the mid-points of leap years. Worldsday and World's Leap Day are spaced exactly six months apart with the solar year application of the World Calendar. Worldsday is celebrated on New Year's Eve every year. Leap day is moved from February 29 every four year to the end of June. The World's Leap Day insertion extends June from 30 days to 31 days every fourth year. Adding World's Leap Day at the mid-point of leap years finishes the second quarter with 91 days every fourth year. Half years, quarters, and monthly endings are evenly balanced. Annual holidays and other special events are accentuated with identical years. Holding special importance, these two new holidays lend themselves to religious or business preference.

The original World Calendar Association accommodated differing worship days. Given that 52 even weeks account for 364 days, Worldsday and World's Leap Day remain to be assigned weekday names. One option was the Christian preference of a Sunday only namesake. This idea simply adds extra Sundays for Worldsday on December 31 each year. World's Leap Day every four years on June 31 also specifies another Sunday. Two other possibilities came about. An alternate Saturday/Sunday naming sequence for Worldsday and World's Leap Day was optional. A blank weekday name insertion was also offered. Worldsday and World's Leap Day would then be reserved as independent days for private, religious, or civil use. Founder and President of the original World Calendar Association, Elisabeth Achelis left weekday naming assignments for Worldsday and World's Leap Day to individual concerns. The World Calendar Proposal extends the possible weekday naming options to include the concept of cascaded time. All or part of these many choices are suggestions and may be used in conjunction with the others. Time Emits Services invites public response.

The World Calendar is the alternative future for the modern age. The best intentions of the World Calendar Proposal are shown above. Minor adjustments of the present calendar year are needed. The true length of the year and the leap day addition every four years remain intact. World Calendar improvements divide the year into four equal quarters of 91 days each. The monthly sequence is evenly distributed over 31, 30, and 30 days per quarter. Each quarter represents 13 weeks of 7 days, and the half years consist of 26 weeks. Monthly endings are balanced throughout the year. The additional day left at the end of the last quarter will be given to December 31. Worldsday would be celebrated on New Year's Eve, amplifying the effects of New Year's Day to follow. World's Leap Day will occur on June 31 during leap years. February changes to a 30 day month, providing equal quarters and more uniform distribution of time. January is not changed, whereas March will be shortened to 30 days. April is the first month of the second quarter and contains 31 days. May and June are 30 days long during regular years. In the third and fourth quarters, July and October retain 31 days. Changing August to 30 days enables transferring another day to the end of February. September and November continue to have 30 days each.

August is changed to 30 days, facilitating transfer of another day to end of February. September and November continue to have 30 days. The name of Worldsday will be associated with New Year's Eve. The excitement of greeting the new year under a global idea creates a new bond among people. A collective world approach to problems of today and tomorrow might well be the greatest accomplishment in the history of humanity. Unity for a common purpose vastly improves the future of civilization. Generations to follow us rely on our present foresight and planning.

World Calendar Advantages

  • A single, consistent year with weekdays fixed to dates.
  • Each year begins with New Year's Day on Sunday, January 1st.
  • Quarter and half years likewise begin on Sundays and end on Saturdays.
  • Holidays and other annual events reoccur on a specific day and date.
  • Quarter and half years are equalized, with every quarter containing 13 weeks, or 91 days; and half years consist of 26 weeks, or 182 days.
  • Quarter years continue a three month regular sequence of 31, 30 and 30 days.
  • Each of the 12 months has 26 weekdays plus Sundays.
  • Two World Holidays complement New Year's Day. Worldsday, or New Year's Even December 31, and World's Leap Day on June 31 during leap years, divide the years precisely.
  • 52 even weeks of 7 days plus Worldsday secure days and dates in consecutive years.

Revelation 3:12
"... and the name of the city of my God, which is new Jerusalem, which cometh down out of heaven from my God: ..."

St. John the Divine

Calendar Versions

Beyond the year 2000, the need for a total commitment to the future will be more urgent. Among the many concerns we face are the social aspects of pollution, water and food shortages, nuclear war, energy demand, crime, and the economy. We must respect eternal hope and avoid resigning ourselves to a doomsday end times prophecy. Proactive steps are will guide us toward a better future.

The calendar year transfers the need to circulate wealth. Society depends on national and local governments for stability, commerce for financial operations, and individuals to support nurturing of the human species. Religious trends maintain special variations of the calendar year. The best example of differing calendar systems that represent an international situation is demonstrated in the holiest of cities, Jerusalem. A "New Jerusalem" is often regarded as the center of Christian prophetic worship (Heb. 12:22, Rev. 21:2, Rev. 3:12).

The front page of the Jerusalem Post International Edition newspaper contains three dates of three calendars under the title. The date by month, day, and year of the western Gregorian Calendar is given first on the left. The Jewish Calendar date follows in the center according to the day of the month, month, and the number of the Jewish Calendar year. On the right is the day of the month, month, and the number of the Islamic Calendar year. Three religions and three separate versions of past history are combined every day. The World Calendar can unite people who use the same version of the calendar.

The World Calendar issue has been respectfully accepted and endorsed by numerous organizations. The viable resolution offered by the World Calendar is easily implemented. Taking advantage of opportunity, calendar revision should happen before or during the year 2000. The changing millennia will fulfill the prophecies and restore that which was lost. The former World Calendar Association offered an open forum for public response. Time Emits Services strives to provide an open exchange for communication.

Jewish Calendar Highlights

Jewish leaders became sensitive to preserving the continuity of the seven day week many years ago. Sacred observance of the Jewish Calendar is fundamental to Judaism at large. The traditional Jewish Calendar is a lunar - solar calendar that uses a 19 year cycle. Lunar months having about 29.5 days each are measured by four complete phases of the moon. The Jewish luni-solar calendar applies the oldest calendar mechanics in existence. Lunar years of the Jewish Calendar count 12 moon months. Twelve mature lunar months multiply by 29.5 days per lunar month for 354 days to approximate the lunar year.

Time differences between lunar and solar calendar years provide luni-solar calendar adjustments, or intercalations. Subtraction yields 11 days of luni-solar separation time between the lunar year of 12 moon months, and the solar year of about 365 days. Eleven days of difference every year were the staple for luni-solar calendars. During 19 years, 11 days of luni-solar separation time every year multiply this division between lunar years and solar years. Luni-solar separation time measures 209 days of difference after 19 years have passed. Therefore, the Jewish 19 year lunar-solar calendar incorporates these remaining 209 days of separation as intercalary days in order to catch up the lunar side of the calendar, with the solar side of the calendar. Sabbath days and festival periods such as Rosh Hashanah, Passover, Yom Kippur, and others, are observed according to the 19 year Metonic cycle of the Jewish Calendar.

The Jewish Calendar is the most widely known luni-solar calendar still in continuous use in our modern times. The Jewish Calendar applies the oldest calendar mechanics in existence. The approximated 209 days of luni-solar separation time were accumulated through close observation of the moon, sun, and stars during a 19 year cycle. These extra 209 days are divided into seven intercalary months to reinforce the sacred seven day week, and they usually alternate between 29 days and 30 days each in the Jewish Calendar. One extra Veador month is inserted seven different times during 19 years. The Veador month, or second Adar, is added every two or three years.

The Jewish lunar/solar calendar year is symbolically affirmed by establishing the two most critical holidays to the World Calendar Proposal. Worldsday and World's Leap Day are exactly six months apart. Two major Jewish holidays are emphasized with the solar year application of the World Calendar. The evening of Worldsday characterizes the evening prior to Rosh Hashanah. New Year's Day compares with Rosh Hashanah, or the first day of the Jewish New Year. Six months later, the Jewish Day of Atonement, or Yom Kippur, is symbolically represented by the use of World's Leap Day on June 31 during leap years. By dividing the solar calendar years in half, two major holidays that were ordained to Moses are represented.

The Jewish Calendar employs a 19 year lunar/solar calendar. Very different from the present Gregorian Calendar, Jewish Calendar months have different names. There is no relation between monthly beginning and ending dates for the different calendar systems. The Gregorian Calendar and the World Calendar intercalate leap days only. The Jewish Calendar intercalates entire months. Christian holidays such as Christmas and Easter are not interfered with in the World Calendar Proposal. Traditional Jewish holidays such as Rosh Hashana and the Passover belong distinctly to the Jewish Calendar and remain intact.

World Calendar Proposal

Christian Era Calendars

 

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